INFRASTRUCTURE COMPONENTS
1. Computer Hardware:
It includes equipment for gathering and inputting data , physical media for storing the data, and devices for delivering the processed information as output.
2. Computer Software:
It includes system software and application software. System software manages the resources and activities of the computer. Application software applies the computer to specific task for an end user.
3. Data Management Technology:
Data management software organizes, manages, and processes business data, concerned with inventory, customers, and vendors.
4. Networking and Telecommunications:
It provides, voice, and video connectivity to employees, customers, and suppliers.
5. Technology Services:
When business need to make major system changes or implement an entirely new IT infrastructure, they typically turn to external consultants to help system integration. These consultants ensure that new infrastructure works with the firm’s older, so called legacy systems.
COMPUTER HARDWARE
Types of Computer:
1. Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)
Now it combines cell phone and walkman, with an internet function and assistant function for operators.
2. Personal Computer (PC) and Workstation
Normally PC, desktop or laptop, is used by employees that work along or with a few people on
computer. For example, a design engineer uses a PC and a CAD to do product design.
It includes equipment for gathering and inputting data , physical media for storing the data, and devices for delivering the processed information as output.
2. Computer Software:
It includes system software and application software. System software manages the resources and activities of the computer. Application software applies the computer to specific task for an end user.
3. Data Management Technology:
Data management software organizes, manages, and processes business data, concerned with inventory, customers, and vendors.
4. Networking and Telecommunications:
It provides, voice, and video connectivity to employees, customers, and suppliers.
5. Technology Services:
When business need to make major system changes or implement an entirely new IT infrastructure, they typically turn to external consultants to help system integration. These consultants ensure that new infrastructure works with the firm’s older, so called legacy systems.
COMPUTER HARDWARE
Types of Computer:
1. Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)
Now it combines cell phone and walkman, with an internet function and assistant function for operators.
2. Personal Computer (PC) and Workstation
Normally PC, desktop or laptop, is used by employees that work along or with a few people on
computer. For example, a design engineer uses a PC and a CAD to do product design.
3. Sever Computer
Server computer are specifically optimized to support a computer network, enabling users to share files, software, peripheral services, or other network resources.
4. Mainframe Computer
It is a large-capacity, high-performance computer that can process large amounts of data very rapidly. For instance, airline company use it to process upwards of 3000 reservation transactions per second.
5. Supercomputer
It is used for tasks requiring extremely rapid and complex calculations with thousands of variables, million of measurements, thousands of equations.
6. Grid Computer
It involves connecting geographically remote computers into a single network to create a “virtual supercomputer” by combing the computational power of all computers on the grid.
Storage, Input, and Output Technology:
1.Secondary Storage Technology
Magnetic Disks
It is the most widely used secondary storage medium today. For example, PCs have hard drives, and large mainframe or midrange computer have multiple hard disk drives.
Optical Discs (CD)
Optical discs use laser technology to store massive quantities of data in a highly compact form. It can store 660 to 700 megabytes.
2.Digital Video Discs (DVD)
DVDs are optical discs the same size as CD-ROMs but with more capacity. They can hold a minimum of 4.7 gigabytes.
3.Magnetic Tape
Magnetic Tape is an older storage technology that still is used for large quantities of data that is needed instantly.
Server computer are specifically optimized to support a computer network, enabling users to share files, software, peripheral services, or other network resources.
4. Mainframe Computer
It is a large-capacity, high-performance computer that can process large amounts of data very rapidly. For instance, airline company use it to process upwards of 3000 reservation transactions per second.
5. Supercomputer
It is used for tasks requiring extremely rapid and complex calculations with thousands of variables, million of measurements, thousands of equations.
6. Grid Computer
It involves connecting geographically remote computers into a single network to create a “virtual supercomputer” by combing the computational power of all computers on the grid.
Storage, Input, and Output Technology:
1.Secondary Storage Technology
Magnetic Disks
It is the most widely used secondary storage medium today. For example, PCs have hard drives, and large mainframe or midrange computer have multiple hard disk drives.
Optical Discs (CD)
Optical discs use laser technology to store massive quantities of data in a highly compact form. It can store 660 to 700 megabytes.
2.Digital Video Discs (DVD)
DVDs are optical discs the same size as CD-ROMs but with more capacity. They can hold a minimum of 4.7 gigabytes.
3.Magnetic Tape
Magnetic Tape is an older storage technology that still is used for large quantities of data that is needed instantly.
4. Storage Networking
Storage area networks (SANs) connect multiple storage devices on a separate high-speed network dedicated to storage.
Computer Hardware Trends:
1. The integration of Computing and Telecommunications Platforms
Today the most dominant theme in hardware platform is the convergence of telecommunication and computing platforms. For instance, the Apple iPhone integrates a phone, digital camera, digital music player, and internet function.
2. Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology uses individual atoms and molecules to create computer chips and other devices that are thousands of times smaller than current technologies permit.
3. Edge Computing
A multitier, load-balancing scheme for Web- based applications. Edge computing is another technique like grid computing.
Three tiers:
→ the local client
→ the nearby edge computing platform
→ enterprise computers
4. Autonomic Computing
an industry-wide effort to develop systems that can configure themselves, optimize and tune themselves, heal themselves when broken, and protect themselves from outside intruders and self-destruction.
5. Virtualization and Multicore Processors
the process of presenting a set of computing resources so that they can all be accessed in ways that are not restricted by physical configuration or geographic location.
COMPUTER SOFTWARE
System Software
Operating system:
Computer system’s chief manager. Allocates and assigns system resources, schedules
the use of computer resources and computer jobs, and monitors computer system activities.
Computer language translation programs:
Convert programming languages into machine language that can be understood by the computer.
Utility programs:
Perform common processing tasks, such as copying, sorting, or computing a square root.
Application Software:
Programming Languages can be used to create programs that specify the behavior of a machine, to express algorithm precisely, or as a mode of human communication.
Software Packages and Desktop Productivity Tools:
Software package is a prewritten, precoded, commercially available set of programs that eliminates the need for individuals or organizations to write their own software
programs for certain functions. Most package software is application software.
Programming languages
Fourth-generation languages:
Consist of a variety of software tools that enable end users to develop software applications with minimal or no technical assistance or that enhance professional programmers’ productivity.
Nonprocedural
Less procedural
Natural languages
Software Trends
a. Open source Software
Developed by all people, used by all people, shard by all people.
Ubuntu– Linux-based, eg. OpenOffice and Firefox
b. Cloud Computing– Use internet to utilize S/W & data in remote data center eg. Google
Apps.
c. Mashups– Web 2.0, mix up of <2 online applications. d. Widget—samll S/W for Web pages or desktop, eg Google Desktop Gadgets
MANAGING HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY
Storage area networks (SANs) connect multiple storage devices on a separate high-speed network dedicated to storage.
Computer Hardware Trends:
1. The integration of Computing and Telecommunications Platforms
Today the most dominant theme in hardware platform is the convergence of telecommunication and computing platforms. For instance, the Apple iPhone integrates a phone, digital camera, digital music player, and internet function.
2. Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology uses individual atoms and molecules to create computer chips and other devices that are thousands of times smaller than current technologies permit.
3. Edge Computing
A multitier, load-balancing scheme for Web- based applications. Edge computing is another technique like grid computing.
Three tiers:
→ the local client
→ the nearby edge computing platform
→ enterprise computers
4. Autonomic Computing
an industry-wide effort to develop systems that can configure themselves, optimize and tune themselves, heal themselves when broken, and protect themselves from outside intruders and self-destruction.
5. Virtualization and Multicore Processors
the process of presenting a set of computing resources so that they can all be accessed in ways that are not restricted by physical configuration or geographic location.
COMPUTER SOFTWARE
System Software
Operating system:
Computer system’s chief manager. Allocates and assigns system resources, schedules
the use of computer resources and computer jobs, and monitors computer system activities.
Computer language translation programs:
Convert programming languages into machine language that can be understood by the computer.
Utility programs:
Perform common processing tasks, such as copying, sorting, or computing a square root.
Application Software:
Programming Languages can be used to create programs that specify the behavior of a machine, to express algorithm precisely, or as a mode of human communication.
Software Packages and Desktop Productivity Tools:
Software package is a prewritten, precoded, commercially available set of programs that eliminates the need for individuals or organizations to write their own software
programs for certain functions. Most package software is application software.
Programming languages
Fourth-generation languages:
Consist of a variety of software tools that enable end users to develop software applications with minimal or no technical assistance or that enhance professional programmers’ productivity.
Nonprocedural
Less procedural
Natural languages
Software Trends
a. Open source Software
Developed by all people, used by all people, shard by all people.
Ubuntu– Linux-based, eg. OpenOffice and Firefox
b. Cloud Computing– Use internet to utilize S/W & data in remote data center eg. Google
Apps.
c. Mashups– Web 2.0, mix up of <2 online applications. d. Widget—samll S/W for Web pages or desktop, eg Google Desktop Gadgets
MANAGING HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY
Capacity Planning and Scalability
Large process and storage resources are needed for e-commerce and e-business.
Capacity Planning is the process of predicting when a computer hardware system
becomes saturated, including:
1)maximum number of users at one time
2)impact of existing and future software applications
3)performance measures (i.e. min. response time, processing)
Large process and storage resources are needed for e-commerce and e-business.
Capacity Planning is the process of predicting when a computer hardware system
becomes saturated, including:
1)maximum number of users at one time
2)impact of existing and future software applications
3)performance measures (i.e. min. response time, processing)
Scalability is the ability of a computer, product, or system to expand to serve a large number of users without breaking down.
E-commerce and e-business both need scalable IT infrastructures that can grow with the business.
Organizations must ensure they have enough computer processing, storage, and network
Resources.
E-commerce and e-business both need scalable IT infrastructures that can grow with the business.
Organizations must ensure they have enough computer processing, storage, and network
Resources.
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